Anime, also often referred to as Japanimation, encompasses hand-drawn and computer-generated animation originating from Japan. The term “anime” is derived from the English word “animation,” but within Japan, it broadly signifies all forms of animated media. Outside Japan, however, “anime” specifically denotes animation produced in Japan or reflects a distinctive Japanese style characterized by vivid graphics, expressive characters, and fantastical themes. This broader, somewhat abstract interpretation allows for the inclusion of anime created in other countries that adopt similar stylistic elements.
Japanese animation has a rich history, with the earliest commercial works dating back to 1917. A defining art style emerged in the 1960s through the pioneering work of Osamu Tezuka and gained widespread popularity domestically and internationally in the latter half of the 20th century. Anime reaches audiences through various channels, including theatrical releases, television broadcasts, direct-to-home media, and streaming via the internet. Many anime productions are original works, while others are adaptations of manga (Japanese comics), light novels, or video games.
Over time, anime production techniques have evolved in response to technological advancements. As a multimedia art form, anime blends graphic artistry, storytelling, cinematography, and innovative visual techniques. Unlike traditional animation that emphasizes movement, anime often focuses on creating realistic settings and employs dynamic camera effects such as panning, zooming, and varied angles to enhance storytelling. The visual styles are diverse; character designs can range from exaggerated proportions with large, emotive eyes to more realistic features.
Anime is categorized into numerous genres catering to a wide spectrum of audiences, from mainstream viewers to niche communities. In the United States, a term that has emerged within fan circles is “wapanese”—originally referring to white individuals who wish to be Japanese—and later evolved into “weeaboo,” describing fans who demonstrate a particularly intense interest in Japanese anime and culture.